Distribution and Diversity of Coral Growth Forms at Different Depths in Badi Island, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Abstract
Coral reefs are marine ecosystems composed primarily of calcium carbonate and characterized by diverse growth forms that reflect environmental conditions. Physicochemical factors, including water temperature, depth, and salinity, may influence coral growth and community distribution. This study aimed to analyze the distribution and diversity of coral growth forms and the physicochemical characteristics of the waters surrounding Badi Island, Pangkajene and Islands Regency, South Sulawesi, as baseline information for the inventory and assessment of coral reef ecosystem conditions. Data were collected in February 2019 at four stations established according to the cardinal directions at depths of 3 m and 10 m using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method. Benthic cover consisted of live hard corals (LHC), abiotic components, dead corals, and other fauna. Live hard corals were the dominant cover category, accounting for 59.38%, and were classified as good according to Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 4 of 2001. The most frequently observed coral growth forms at both depths were Acropora encrusting, Coral massive, and Coral encrusting. Coral growth-form diversity was classified as moderate, with H′ values ranging from 1.72 to 2.01, whereas the evenness index ranged from 0.44 to 0.52, indicating low evenness at three stations and moderate evenness at one station. Water quality was measured once at the surface layer at each station; therefore, the measurements represent conditions at the time of observation and do not capture temporal variability.
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