Thermal front dynamics and the correlation with Sardinella Lemuru catches in the Bali Strait
Abstract
The Bali Strait is a marine area rich in lemuru fish (Sardinella lemuru), making it a potential fishery commodity in Indonesia. Sustainable management of lemuru fish populations in the Bali Strait is crucial for maintaining ecosystem balance and ensuring the sustainability of the fishing industry in the region. This study aimed to identify the thermal fronts in the Bali Strait and the relationship between thermal fronts and lemuru fish production. This research was conducted using monthly sea surface temperature and surface current data from the CMEMS for the year 2023, along with lemuru production data from PPN Pengambengan. An edge detection method was employed to determine thermal fronts. The results showed that sea surface temperatures ranged from 24.9°C to 29°C. The meridional movement from North to South dominates the Bali Strait surface currents. Thermal fronts were observed throughout the year, with weak fronts dominating during the west monsoon and transition season I, whereas strong fronts intensified during the southeast monsoon. However, the correlation between thermal fronts and lemuru catch was very weak (r=-0.047442), suggesting that thermal fronts are not the primary factor influencing lemuru catch.
References
Ardianto, R., Setiawan, A., Hidayat, J. J., & Zaky, A. R. (2017). Development of an automated processing system for potential fishing zone forecast. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci, 54, 3rd International Symposium on LAPAN-IPB Satellite For Food Security and Environmental Monitoring 2016 25–26 October 2016, Bogor, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/54/1/012081
Asbar, A., & Ihsan, I. (2022). Pemetaan Daerah Penangkapan Ikan Pelagis Kecil Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Tangkapan Nelayan di Perairan Kota Makassar. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Kauniah, 1(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.33096/jamka.v1i1.110
Hidayat, R., Zainuddin, M., Safruddin, S., Mallawa, A., & Farhum, S. A. (2019). Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) catch about the Thermal and Chlorophyll-a Fronts during May - July in the Makassar Strait. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci, 253, MarSave International Symposium 2018: "Strengthening Marine Resilience for Sustainable Development Goals" 7–8 August 2018, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/253/1/012045
Jatiandana, A. P., & Nurdjaman, S. (2020). Identification of Thermal Front in Indonesian Waters during 2007 - 2017. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci, 618, 2nd Maritime Science and Advanced Technology; Marine Science and Technology in Framework of The Sustainable Development Goals 7-8 August 2019, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/618/1/012039
Khoir, M., & Safruddin, S. (2023). The Catch of Little Tuna (Euthynnus sp.) in Relation to Thermal Front in the Makassar Strait. Torani Journal of Fisheries and Marine Science, 6(2), 119-125. https://doi.org/10.35911/torani.v6i2.27191
Nugraha, S. W., Ghofar, A., & Saputra, S. W. (2018). Monitoring perikanan lemuru di perairan Selat Bali. Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES), 7(1), 130-140. https://doi.org/10.14710/marj.v7i1.22533
Nugroho, R. A., Syamsudin, M. L., Andriani, Y., & Apriliani, I. M. (2019). Efek Thermal Front Untuk Penentuan Daerah Penangkapan Potensial Ikan Pelagis. ALBACORE Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Laut, 3(2), 205-215. https://doi.org/10.29244/core.3.2.205-215
Prasetya, A., Hasidu, L. O. A. F., Maharani, M., Kasim, M., & Mustasim, M. (2022). Pendugaan Thermal Front Sebagai Indikator Daerah Potensial Penangkapan Ikan Cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) di Laut Banda. Jurnal Airaha, 11(02), 297–303. https://doi.org/10.15578/ja.v11i02.372
Pratama, G. B., Pramesti, R. F., & Wijayanti, L. A. S. (2025). Identificationof The Temporal Relationship Between Thermal Front Intensity and Skipjack Fisheries Production Landed at PPN Ternate. Jurnal Perikanan Unram, 15(2), 797-807. https://doi.org/10.29303/jp.v15i2.1459
Pratama, I. G. M. Y., Putri, M. R., & Setiawan, A. (2023). Kajian Standing Stock Ikan Lemuru (Sardinella lemuru) di Perairan Selat Bali Menggunakan Metode Hidroakustik. Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences, 9(2), 217. https://doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2023.v09.i02.p07
Purwanto, A. D., & Ramadhani, D. P. (2020). Analisis Zona Potensi Penangkapan Ikan (Zppi) Berdasarkan Citra Satelit Suomi Npp-Viirs (Studi Kasus: Laut Arafura). Jurnal Kelautan: Indonesian Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 13(3), 249–259. https://doi.org/10.21107/jk.v13i3.8126
Putra, F. A., Hasan, Z., & Purba, N. P. (2016). Kondisi Arus dan Variabilitas Suhu Permukaan Laut pada Musim Barat dan Kaitannya dengan Distribusi Ikan Tuna Sirip Kuning (Thunnus albacores) Di Perairan Selatan Jawa Barat. Jurnal Perikanan Kelautan, 7(2), 156-163.
Rahadian, L. D., Khan, A. M. A., Dewanti, L. P., & Apriliani, I. M. (2019). Analisis Sebaran Suhu Permukaan Laut pada Musim Barat dan Musim Timur terhadap Produksi Hasil Tangkapan Ikan Lemuru (Sardinella lemuru) di Perairan Selat Bali. Jurnal Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 10(2), 28-34.
Setiawan, F., Prasita, V. D., & Widagdo, S. (2019). Pergerakan arus permukaan laut selat bali berdasarkan parameter angin dan cuaca. Jurnal Riset Kelautan Tropis (Journal Of Tropical Marine Research)(J-Tropimar), 1(2), 63-76. https://doi.org/10.30649/jrkt.v1i2.25
Simbolon, D., Wiryawan, B., Wahyuningrum, P. I., & Wahyudi, H. (2011). Tingkat pemanfaatan dan pola musim penangkapan ikan lemuru di Perairan Selat Bali. Buletin PSP, 19(3), 293-307.
Suhadha, A. G., & Asriningrum, W. (2020). Potential Fishing Zones Estimation Based On Approach Of Area Matching Between Thermal Front And Mesotrophic Area. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 12(2), 565-581. https://doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v12i2.28305
Suhadha, A. G., & Ibrahim, A. (2020). Association Study Between Thermal Front Phenomena and Bali Sardinella Fishing Areas in Bali Strait. Indonesian Journal of Geography, 52(2), 154-162. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.51668
Susanto, R. D., & Ray, R. D. (2022). Seasonal and interannual variability of tidal mixing signatures in Indonesian seas from high-resolution sea surface temperature. Remote Sensing, 14(8), 1934. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14081934
Syamsuddin, M. L., Faiz, H. U., Ismail, M. R., & Zallesa, S. (2023). Spatial distributions of the thermal front and of catches of mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) in the Java Sea, Indonesia. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation, 16(1), 199-208.
Syamsudin, F., Fadhilah, R., & Syamsuddin, M. L. (2025). Chlorophyll-a Variability in Relation to Lemuru Fish (Sardinella lemuru) Catching Season in The Bali Strait. Jurnal Perikanan Unram, 15(2), 709–719. https://doi.org/10.29303/jp.v15i2.1428
Tarigan, D. J., Sasongko, A. S., Cahyadi, F. D., Yonanto, L., & Rahayu, B. D. (2020). Daerah penangkapan ikan kembung (Rastrelligger sp) di Selat Sunda pada musim peralihan. Jurnal Teknologi Perikanan dan Kelautan, 11(1), 63-79. https://doi.org/10.24319/jtpk.11.63-79
Trinugroho, T., Satriadi, A., & Muslim, M. (2019). Sebaran Thermal Front Musiman di Wilayah Perairan Selat Madura Menggunakan Single Image Edge Detection. Journal of Marine Research, 8(4), 416-423. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v8i4.24815
Vikri, A., Siregar, S. H., & Mubarak. (2020). Potential Area Estimation Of Fishing Ground Based On Thermal Front And Upwelling In West Sumatera Waters In East Season. Asian Journal of Aquatic Sciences, Desember 2020, 3(3), 217-224.
Yuniarti, A., Maslukah, L., & Helmi, M. (2013). Studi variabilitas suhu permukaan laut berdasarkan citra satelit aqua MODIS tahun 2007-2011 di Perairan Selat Bali. Journal of Oceanography, 2(4), 416-421.
Zainuddin, M., Mallawa, A., Safruddin, S., Farhum, S. A., Hidayat, R., Putri, A. R. S., & Ridwan, M. (2020). Spatio-Temporal Thermal Fronts Distribution During January-December 2018 in The Makassar Strait: An Important Implication for Pelagic Fisheries. Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan SPERMONDE, 6(1), 11-15. https://doi.org/10.20956/jiks.v6i1.9899
Zandika, R., Ismunarti, D. H., Kunarso, K., Hatmaja, R. B., & Ayubi, M. A. A. (2024). Variabilitas Thermal Front dan Keterkaitan dengan Klorofil-a di Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia 711. Buletin Oseanografi Marina, 13(2), 250-260. https://doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v13i2.60304
Copyright (c) 2025 Hendrik Anggi Setyawan, Bogi Budi Jayanto, Ayu Retno Wardhani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright on articles was retained by the respective author(s) without restrictions. The author grants the journal its first publication rights with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA) license. This means anyone is free to copy, transform, or redistribute articles for any lawful purpose in any medium, provided they give appropriate attribution to the original author(s).
